Components of Balance

  Balance is a complex process that depends on three major components:

  • Receiving accurate information from sensory systems (vision, touch and the
    inner ear)
  • The brain's ability to process this sensory information
  • The muscles and joints coordinating movements effectively

  Thus, there can be many causes of imbalance and dizziness.

Sensory Deficits Which May Cause Dizziness and/or Balance Problems
Vision Proprioception Vestibular
  • Cataracts
  • Muscle weakness
  • Inner ear infections
  • Macular degeneration
  • Peripheral neuropathy
  • Tumors
  • Glaucoma
  • Decreased joint integrity (arthritis)
  • Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
  • Strabismus (lazy eye)
  • Decreased range of motion
  • Exposure to toxins (Ototoxicity)
  • Poor visual acuity
  • Poor posture
  • Concussions/Head trauma
 
  • Pain/injuries
  • Fluid problems (Endolymphatic Hydrops or Meniere's Disease)
   
  • Tears/Ruptures (Perilymph Fistula)

Other Factors Which May Cause Dizziness and/or Balance Problems
Neurological Disorders Other Causes
  • Parkinson's Disease
  • High or Low Blood Pressure
  • Multiple Sclerosis
  • High or Low Blood Sugar
  • Stroke
  • Medications
  • Cerebellar Atrophy
  • Heart Disease
  • Alzheimer's/Dementia
  • Migraines
  • Traumatic Brain Injury
  

Treatment Options
Medical Rehabilitation
  • Phamacological
  • Specialized Physical Therapy
  • Lifestyle Changes
  • Patient Education
  • Surgical Options
  • Home Exercise Program

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